Yes, there are vacuum cleaners that can also wash carpets. These are often referred to as carpet cleaners or carpet shampooers.
They combine the functions of a standard vacuum cleaner with the ability to apply a cleaning solution and then scrub and extract the moisture from the carpet, effectively washing it. This type of cleaner is particularly useful for deep cleaning and removing stains from carpets. There are various models available from different brands, each with its own set of features and capabilities.